房地产融资“闸门”再拧紧！金融监管严控“灰犀牛”
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 18px;"></span>金融管理部门近日出台银行业金融机构房地产贷款集中度管理制度，对不同类型不同规模的银行机构分档设置房地产贷款余额占比、个人住房贷款余额占比“两条红线”。前者从40%到12.5%不等，后者从32.5%到7.5%不等。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">为何要出台此项举措？中国人民银行、银保监会明确表示：提高金融体系韧性和稳健性，促进房地产市场平稳健康发展；优化信贷结构，支持制造业、科技等经济社会发展重点领域和小微、“三农”等薄弱环节融资，推动金融、房地产同实体经济均衡发展。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">近年来，我国房地产长效机制实施取得明显成效，房地产贷款增速稳步回落。截至2020年三季度末，我国人民币房地产贷款余额同比增长12.8%，增速连续26个月回落。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">尽管如此，在监管部门看来，仍需要进一步增强银行业金融机构抵御房地产市场波动的能力，防范金融体系房地产贷款过度集中带来的潜在系统性风险，提高银行业金融机构稳健性。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">招联金融首席研究员董希淼表示，房地产贷款集中度管理制度是加强宏观审慎管理的重要内容，其出台有助于进一步降低房地产金融风险，同时有助于推动金融资源进一步进入小微企业、制造业、绿色发展等国民经济和社会发展重点领域和薄弱环节。在金融资源有限的情况下，避免房地产业“虹吸效应”。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">长期以来，房地产行业吸引了大量资金流入，房地产与金融业深度“捆绑”。近年来监管部门三令五申对房地产贷款进行控制，虽然增速有所回落，但总量仍然不小，占比依然较高。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“目前，我国房地产相关贷款占银行业贷款的39%，此外还有大量债券、股本、信托等资金进入房地产行业。可以说，房地产是现阶段我国金融风险方面最大的‘灰犀牛’。”中国人民银行党委书记、中国银保监会主席郭树清撰文表示。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2020年8月，人民银行、住房城乡建设部形成了重点房地产企业资金监测和融资管理规则，对资金需求端进行管理。此次制定的“两条红线”，主要是从资金供给端入手，对房地产贷款整体占比和个人住房贷款占比同时进行约束，覆盖面更广。房地产融资“闸门”正在全面拧紧。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">政策对房地产市场资金供给的影响有多大？“目前，大部分银行业金融机构符合管理要求。”人民银行、银保监会有关部门负责人表示。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">记者调研发现，目前超出上限的银行数量并不多。作为房地产贷款投放的主力，多数国有大行和规模较大的股份制银行接近监管上限，少数已经超限。仍有一些银行与上限有些距离。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">针对超出上限的银行机构，监管部门设置了一定的过渡期。这表明加强管理和调整的方向是明确的，但也会把握好政策的节奏和力度，给不达标机构充分的整改时间，维护市场平稳过渡，体现了政策“不急转弯”的特点。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">比起存量调整的压力，政策影响更在于对未来增量的严控。人民银行、银保监会要求符合管理要求的银行，保持房地产贷款占比及个人住房贷款占比基本稳定。这意味着，没有超过上限甚至离上限较远的银行，房地产贷款也是不许补涨的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">此次监管办法，除了对房地产贷款设置总的比例上限外，还对其中的个人住房贷款单独设置了上限。这将对购房者带来怎样的影响？</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“由于超限的银行不多，过渡期较长，总体上影响比较有限。房地产贷款在银行之间的结构将有一定变化，部分超标银行将会压降，而占比较低的银行还有增长空间。”董希淼表示，因面临增长“天花板”，部分银行经营将更加审慎，贷款条件和要求或有小幅调整。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在对房地产调控的同时，不误伤刚需，一直是政策导向。如何让有限的房贷资源满足刚需群体，而不是流到炒房客手里，是监管部门和银行机构需要关注的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">值得注意的是，银行违规为房地产输血的冲动一直都在，为此吃罚单的银行也不在少数。对银行机构来说，在套上“紧箍咒”的同时，更需要的是摆脱对房地产依赖的勇气和能力，找准符合高质量发展的信贷投放领域。</p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2pt; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; 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