大美中国 候鸟北归丨央视记者探秘“候鸟天堂”沉湖湿地里的“黑科技”
<section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;">武汉沉湖湿地自然保护区，位于湖北省武汉市西南部，地处长江、汉江交汇的三角洲地带，是地球同纬度湖泊群中稀有的典型淡水湖泊沼泽湿地，生态结构完整，功能独特，野生动植物资源丰富。得天独厚的自然环境，吸引着成千上万只候鸟在此栖息，沉湖湿地也成了名副其实的“候鸟天堂”。那如何来分辨数万只候鸟的种类？除了观其行，还能辨其声。今天，就让我们一起来打卡沉湖湿地，解锁候鸟观测“黑科技”。</span></section><p><br/></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Microsoft Yahei, tahoma, arial, Hiragino Sans GB, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://video.app.dawuhanapp.com/fs/transcode/20230328/867/205534_1680015994_transv.mp4</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Microsoft Yahei, tahoma, arial, Hiragino Sans GB, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></span></span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;">二百多种、十万多只候鸟，陆续来到面积达17万多亩的湿地栖息、停留并陆续迁徙北归，借助人工智能等科技，鸟儿来来往往都能在这里留下清晰的印记。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br/></span></section><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;font-weight: 700;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;">总台央视记者 韩冰：</span>这里是沉湖湿地保护区观鸟视野最好的一个平台。优渥的自然环境，丰富的食物资源，吸引着成千上万只候鸟来此栖息、越冬。沉湖湿地也成了东亚——澳大利西亚候鸟迁飞通道上一个重要的加油站和中转站。经过了一个冬季的休养，进入三月，候鸟们也开始陆续北迁，踏上返乡之路。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br/></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;">武汉沉湖湿地最重要的动物资源便是鸟类，共有277种，包含湿地水禽123种，其中国家重点保护鸟类64种、国家一级保护鸟类14种、二级保护鸟类50种。水天一色、万鸟齐飞是沉湖湿地蔚为壮观的“名场面”。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br/></span></section><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;font-weight: 700;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;">湖北武汉沉湖湿地自然保护区管理局工程师 冯江：</span>我们刚刚看到的白琵鹭、灰雁，大概在四月初，它们也会陆续北迁。今年（水鸟迁徙高峰期）我们记录到了10.4万只水鸟，可以说创了我们保护区一个新的纪录。比如说在长江中下游非常罕见的卷羽鹈鹕，连续两年出现在我们这里，都是非常难得的。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br/></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;font-weight: 700;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;">总台央视记者 韩冰：</span>沉湖湿地的面积达到17.4万亩，相当于16000多个足球场的大小。面积如此大，候鸟的数量又非常多，如何辨别鸟的种类？单靠湿地保护区的工作人员肯定远远不够。不过，不用担心，看我前面的这片水域，这些水上的浮漂，是一个个声纹采集器，它们可以收集鸟的鸣叫声，是沉湖湿地名副其实的“顺风耳”。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br/></span></section><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><br/></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;">如果说声纹采集器是“顺风耳”，那现在看到的这个智能监测系统就是沉湖湿地的“最强大脑”。一个声纹采集器可以收录半径200米的鸟叫声，实时传送到后台的智能监测系统，只需要十几秒，就可以分辨出附近停歇的鸟类是哪一种。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br/></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;font-weight: 700;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;">湖北武汉沉湖湿地自然保护区管理局工程师 冯江：</span>我们建成的这个沉湖湿地智能监测系统，在很多方面是首创的。从中识别出了270种鸟类，准确度高达90%以上。同时在浮漂上，我们还安装了高清摄像头，它就是我们的“千里眼”，最大达到40倍变焦，通过传输实时的画面，自动识别出更多的鸟类，提供更准确、更详实的基础数据，在我们生物多样性的监测中发挥更大的作用。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;"><br/></span></section><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Helvetica Neue, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 1px;">现在，沉湖湿地的林草间和湖面上已经布设了20多个这样的声音和视频采集器，智慧系统也已经收集到近300万条有效数据。除了实时物种监测，保护区还给20只候鸟安装了定位追踪器。目前，从沉湖湿地飞出去的鸟，最远可以追踪到6000公里之外的俄罗斯附近，为候鸟迁徙插上科技的翅膀，共同守护我们美好的家园。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;color: rgb(34, 34, 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