新天工开物 | 能用在地球南北极，也能在月球上使用！武汉研发的“极地钢”可耐寒-196℃ - 媒体聚焦 - 蔡甸新闻网

蔡甸融媒 发表于 2026-3-31 13:09:36

新天工开物 | 能用在地球南北极，也能在月球上使用！武汉研发的“极地钢”可耐寒-196℃

<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">3月28日的南极中山站，寒风依旧刺骨，在11518公里外的武汉科技大学实验室，吴开明教授正通过视频密切关注着2024年1月便被架上中山站实验平台上的“极地钢”——在南极拉斯曼丘陵上接受最后的低温和腐蚀实验。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">“极地钢”在南极中山站开展低温和腐蚀长期试验。（吴开明供图）<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">早在10多年前，在北极圈的亚马尔半岛上，武汉研发的“极地钢”便撑起了俄罗斯“亚马尔液化天然气项目”的骨架，在永久冻土带上至今稳如磐石。<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">普通钢材，低温脆裂，高温软化，根本无法在地球南北极使用。吴开明自比钢铁大厨，他用铌、钒、钛、锆、稀土作为胡椒味精，经过千炉钢铁的上万次的反复调试，最终熬制出“极地钢”这盘大菜。“极地钢”能在-120℃依然有普通钢材的强度和韧性，不仅能耐-196℃的低温，还能抵御300℃的高温。“极地钢”不仅在地球两极可以使用，在昼夜温差-180℃至127℃月球上，“极地钢”同样可以大显身手。<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">【研发者说】<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">武汉科技大学国际钢铁研究院常务副院长吴开明：<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">千炉钢水，万次配方，炼就“极地钢”<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">一般情况下，炼钢需要用贵重金属作为合金添加剂。譬如，普通耐低温的钢材，镍的比例占到1.5%至9%，而镍是一种贵重金属，导致每吨耐低温钢中镍的成本占到3000元至18000元。而“极地钢”在性能相当时，可降低50%的成本。<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">吴开明教授查看炼出的“极地钢”。记者杨佳峰摄<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">“极地钢”是如何炼成的呢？如果把炼“极地钢”比喻为炒一盘菜，那么铌、钒、钛、锆、稀土则是胡椒味精，按照不同比例添加到炼钢炉里。技术核心是这些胡椒味精的比例和用法，这个实验过程持续了十余年，最终找到配料的“黄金比例”。<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">“极地钢”不仅要耐寒，还要有足够的强度、韧度。然而，钢铁材料的强度与韧性如同跷跷板两端，此消彼长。为攻克这一世界性难题，我们团队创新提出“稀土-锆-钛等复合微合金化”工艺：在轧制与冷却环节保留韧性组织，研发出微纳米结构让材料更硬更韧，打破了原来顾此失彼的局面。同时，破解了钢材的“低温韧性基因编码”，找到元素配比与强韧性的精准匹配机制，使用极少量的微合金元素就能极大地提升钢材的性能，找到了钢材性能的调控密码。<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">吴开明教授（左一）在实验室炼钢炉前检查设备。记者杨佳峰摄<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">最终，我们用3米多高焊接试验设备、50千克的真空感应炉、-196℃的超低温力学检测仪等成套设备，在用掉上千炉钢水，历经上万次配方调试后，最终制成了“极地钢”。起初炼出的“极地钢”能耐寒-60℃至-80℃，现在经过迭代，“极地钢”不仅能耐-196℃的高寒，还能抵御200-300℃的高温。<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">“极地钢”不仅在地球极地能使用，也完全能覆盖月球上的昼夜温差，也就是说，“极地钢”也能在月球上使用。<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">目前，“极地钢”技术已在宝钢、湘钢和南钢相继产业化，该成果先后获得中国、俄罗斯和日本的技术发明专利授权，中国海洋科学技术一等奖、湖北省技术发明一等奖。<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">【大众点评】<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">原中石油集团海洋工程有限公司（青岛）总经理张志鹏：<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">-50℃的环境下，使用10年质量完好<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">10多年前，我们公司中标全球最大的极地工程俄罗斯“亚马尔液化天然气项目”，要为其提供90%以上的油气装备用钢板。我时任该项目总监。该地区冬天气温常低于-50℃，普通钢材会像玻璃一样脆裂，需要能抵御极寒天气的钢材，按计划采用俄标或者欧标钢材。因供货周期等问题选择了国产钢材“极地钢”。我们在宝钢、南钢、湘钢获得了武汉科技大学吴开明教授团队研发的“极地钢”后，采用模块化施工，并如期完成这座LNG液化工厂的建设，完工后“极地钢”各项性能不输俄、欧标准，而且价格更为便宜。<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Hiragino Sans GB, STHeiti, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, Microsoft YaHei UI, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.33; font-size: 18px; text-indent: 2em; text-align: justify;">该项目质保期是36个月，现在已超十年了，“极地钢”现性能依然稳定，为中国特殊钢的出口赢得了口碑。 <section style="overflow-wrap: break-word; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(67, 74, 84); font-family: -apple-system-font, Helvetica, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Arial, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); 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padding: 0px; color: rgb(67, 74, 84); font-size: 14px; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;">制作：方筱玥 | 编辑：熊霞 | 责编：方军<p style="overflow-wrap: break-word !important; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; padding: 0px; color: rgb(67, 74, 84); font-size: 14px; text-wrap-mode: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;">出品：蔡甸区融媒体中心<p style="overflow-wrap: break-word !important; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; padding: 0px; color: rgb(67, 74, 84); font-size: 14px; 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新天工开物 | 能用在地球南北极，也能在月球上使用！武汉研发的“极地钢”可耐寒-196℃